Under the Autonomy Act, the population of Aaland is represented by the "Lagting" or Parliament, which appoints Aaland's Government.

The Aaland Parliament consists of 30 members, who are elected every four years by means of secret, proportional ballot, and the voting age is 18.

The new Autonomy Act which came into force on 1 January 1993 gave Aaland a freer hand in economic matters. The funds transferred from the State may be freely administered by the Aaland authorities.