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Language and Literature Greenlandic is an eastern branch of the so-called "East-Eskimo language" categorized by linguists as Inupik which is also spoken on the northern coasts of Canada and Alaska and the eastern most tip of Siberia. Southern Alaska and Siberia utilize the western branch of the language, known as Yup'ik. Only Aleutian is related to the Eskimo language. Greenlandic is roughly divided into three dialects: East Greenlandic, West Greenlandic and the Polar-Eskimo dialect. West Greenlandic includes several sub-dialects although the Central West Greenlandic dialect is the dialect that has become the language of communication throughout the nation. In the middle of the 1800's, the missionary and teacher, Samuel Kleinschmidt, began analyzing the language and systematized the grammar, a pioneer accomplishment which had great impact on the analysis of other Eskimo languages throughout the Arctic. Shortly thereafter, Inspector H. J. Rink began publishing in Greenlandic which led to a rapid increase in literacy. One of the oldest newspapers when first published in the world, Atuagagdliutit, started in 1861. The newspaper played a significant role in Greenlandic society by providing information about the outside world and later by |
 A small town in south Greenland. Photo: Jón Viðar Sigurðsson. providing a platform for debate on social issues and Greenlandic identity. Social debate accelerated at the beginning of this century, as the people began to more openly express their opinions publicly. The people's desire to steer their own destiny, coupled with the courage to express their convictions led to the formation of The Home Rule Government in 1979. Several Greenlandic authors born at about the turn of the century have had a great impact on the extensive literature which is being published today. Compared to other Inuit in the Arctic, Greenlanders have produced a wealth of literary works. It is significant that language has always been of great importance to the Greenlandic people. The value placed on the language is reflected clearly in the Greenlandic culture, there has always been a continuing effort to maintain the integrity of the language despite considerable negative pressures. By the 1960's, Greenland had achieved a literacy rate of approximately 98%. |
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