The public social system
Critics within the Nordic region claim that economic difficulties can be blamed partly on the social welfare systems, pointing out that such an extensive social system offers ample opportunity for exploitation, both directly and indirectly. Whether or not this is the case, it is reassuring to know that elderly people, hospitalized patients, handicapped and institutionalized individuals are being properly cared for.

Pension schemes are widely established throughout the Nordic countries. Dependency upon families in terms of care and finance is generally an alternative rather than a need.

Homes for the elderly are another alternative. These homes are generally provided by the public sector or trade unions and staffed mostly by women. Outside the Nordic countries these homes tend to be privately-owned institutions or funded by charities relying on voluntary staff.

Hospital care is free of charge for those who need it, irrespective of age or social class.

The increasing social problems of alcohol and drug abuse are a threat and a matter of constant concern in the Nordic countries.

Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden operate state-owned alcohol monopolies, in which alcoholic beverages are sold at high prices in the hope of reducing consumption. Drugs are entirely illegal. Treatment centres for these problems are open to all citizens free of charge.